Muscle Quz

For body workers the muscular system is probably the most important to learn and understand. We focus on our anatomy and physiology course on the origins and insertions and actions of over forty muscles, to ensure body workers work safely and effectively with the clients. See our specialist unit on that subject. This is particularly true for sports massage therapists who are dealing with injuries. So what do you know about the muscular system? 

1) Describe the structure of voluntary, involuntary and cardiac muscle fibres 

under the microscope by referring to the shape of the cells, the number of nuclei

per cell, and any other distinguishing features.                                                                                        

Muscle type

Shape of cells

Nuclei per cell

Other features

Voluntary

Involuntary

Cardiac

2)  Fill in the gaps using words from the list below to describe the structure of skeletal muscle and its’ the attachment to bone                                             

aponeuroses, endomysium, epimysium, fasciculi, perimysium, tendon

Each muscle fibre has an individual wrapping sheath of fine connective tissue, __________, making it like a very long thin sausage. A group of these muscle fibres are further wrapped together in bundles covered by connective tissue known as __________.  Theses bundles are now known as  __________, and many of them are gathered to from the muscle belly with its own outer sheath or the fascia, known as the  ___________________.

Where the outer connective sheath of muscle, or fascia, extends at each end in the form of a cord of tissue, and attaches to the bone, it is called a _____________

Flat sheets of connective tissue, which attach muscles along the length of the bone, are known as _____________________.                                                          

3) Using the words myofibrils, microfilaments, actin, myosin and a simple labelled diagram if it helps, explain how a muscle fibre can shorten in length using the sliding filament theory.

4) Underline the correct answer on muscle action                                         

The action of the biceps femoris is to:

flex the hip, extend the knee

abduct the leg

extend the hip, flex the knee

flex the arm                                                                                                

The action of the pectoralis major is to :                                                                       

draw arm backwards, adduct and rotate medially

draw arm forwards and rotate it laterally

draw arm forwards, adduct and rotate medially

draw shoulder forward, rotate scapula                                

5) Correctly identify the action for the following muscles 

Muscle

Action

Iliacus

Levator scapulae

Serratus anterior

Temporalis

Tibialis anterior

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